The first thing to understand about Shin-Osaka is that it is not in central Osaka. It sits about three kilometres north of the city centre, and it exists for one reason: the Shinkansen could not be routed through the middle of the existing city, so a new station was built where the tracks could go.

That catches people out. If your hotel is in Namba or near Osaka Castle and you book a train to Shin-Osaka, you still have a transfer ahead of you.
Shin-Osaka is the join between two Shinkansen lines. The Tokaido Shinkansen from Tokyo ends here, and the Sanyo Shinkansen to Hiroshima, Hakata and on to Kyushu begins here. Many trains run straight through, but some terminate, so it is worth checking whether your service continues.
It is also the start of the Hokuriku connection towards Kanazawa via the Thunderbird limited express.
Your Japan Rail Pass covers the Shinkansen, the JR hop to Osaka Station and the Haruka to the airport. It does not cover the Midosuji subway to Namba, so if your hotel is down that end you will be paying for that leg or tapping an IC card.
Worth knowing: the Nozomi services that run through here are the fastest but need a supplement on a standard pass. Hikari and Sakura are included and the difference on the Tokyo run is modest.
Shin-Osaka is a straightforward station by Japanese standards, much simpler than Tokyo or Kyoto. Shinkansen platforms are upstairs on the third level, conventional JR lines below, subway at the southern end.
A change from the Shinkansen to the JR line for Osaka Station takes about five minutes at a normal walking pace. Allow longer for the subway, which is a separate building and needs you to exit the JR gates.
There is a good ekiben selection on the Shinkansen concourse and a floor of restaurants in the station building. Osaka’s station bento lean towards takoyaki, kushikatsu and pressed sushi, which travel better than they sound.
If you are booking individual journeys rather than using a pass, these are the routes that start here.
And the longer route guides, with times, seat tips and what to see when you arrive:
Only if you are passing through for a night or catching an early train. It is a business district with little going on in the evening. Umeda and Namba are far better bases.
Yes, about fifteen minutes on the Shinkansen or thirty on the JR Kyoto line. Both are covered by a rail pass.
Osaka Station is the central city station in Umeda, with no Shinkansen. Shin-Osaka is the Shinkansen station to the north. They are one stop apart and the names confuse a lot of visitors.

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